- ...
- 3D SYSTEMS
- A&N Welding
- AA - Geen merkpagina
- ABA
- ABA Z&B
- Abb
- Abene
- ABUS
- Accut
- Accuway
- Aceti
- ADIGE
- Adira
- AFE
- AFM
- AGEO
- Agie
- Agiecharnilles
- AI HEMBRUG
- AIRHOUSE
- AKBEND
- Akira seiki
- AKYAPAK
- Alfra
- ALLMATIC
- Almi
- Alpha
- ALZMETALL
- AMADA
- Amc
- AMF Spanntechnik
- Amob
- ANAYAK
- ANDRITZ KAISER
- Angst
- Apec
- APOLLO
- ar iitalia
- ar italia
- Arcall
- ARD ART EDM
- Aris
- ARISTO
- Aritala
- ARKU
- ARKUS
- ARMSTRONG-BLUM
- Arntz
- ART Welding
- Arthur Klink
- ASQUITH
- Asquith butler
- Atkin
- Atlantic
- ATLAS
- Atomat
- Atron Germany
- Auerbach
- Auto well
- AVIA
- AVM
- AVM Angelini
- AWEA
- AXA
- AXZION
- BAD DUEBEN
- BAILEIGH
- BAKKER
- Barcorp
- Barnersdrill
- BAUER
- BAYKAL
- BEHRINGER
- Beka mak
- BEKAMAK
- BEND MOVE
- Bendmak
- Benzinger
- BERTHIEZ
- Beuter
- BEUTLER
- BEWO
- BEYELER
- Beyeler Mammut
- BIAX
- Biegenmaster
- Bieri AG
- Biglia
- BIGSTONE AUTOMATIC
- BIHLER
- BIKO
- Bilher
- BIMAK
- BINAR Sweden
- BIRLIK
- BISON Poland
- BLANSKO
- BLOHM
- BLUM
- BODE
- BOEHRINGER
- BOLDRINI
- BOLESTA
- Bolla
- Bollhof
- Bomar
- Boneham UK
- Bosch
- BOSCHERT
- BOST
- BOTT
- BPR
- Breda
- Breton
- Breuning
- BRIDGEPORT
- Brigeport
- BRISTOL
- Broadbent
- Brother
- BRUCKNER
- BuBend
- Buck
- Bucut
- BUISCAR
- Bullard
- Butler
- BWF
- BYSTRONIC
- C.P.S
- CABE
- Camu
- Cansa
- CARIF
- Carnaghi
- Casanova
- CAZENEUVE
- CBT
- CDMeccanica
- CEA
- Cematek
- CERATIZIT
- CERAZIZIT
- CETOS
- CEVISA
- CHARMILLES
- Cheto
- CHEVALIER
- Chinchmill
- CHIRON
- CIDAN
- Cinch mill
- Cinch-Mill
- CINCINNATI
- CIZETA
- CJM
- CKD
- CKD Blansko
- CLOOS
- CM Modena
- CME
- CMT
- Codatto
- COLCHESTER
- COLGAR
- COLLET
- COLLY BOMBLED
- COLOMBO & LENNA
- COMAC
- COMAL
- CombiPack
- COMESSA
- Comev
- CompAir
- Copren
- Cordia
- Cormac
- Cormak
- CORREA
- Correa Anayak
- Cosen
- Costa
- Cotek
- Crippa
- Crono
- CS Skates
- Csepel
- CT
- CTMS
- Cugir
- CUOGHI
- Cuteral
- Cybelec
- CyTec
- D'ANDREA
- DAEWOO
- DAEWOO DOOSAN
- Dahlih
- DAHLIH DCM
- Dainichi
- Daiss Partner
- Dalcos
- DANGO & DIENENTHAL
- Danieli
- DANOBAT
- DARLEY
- DATON
- Datron
- DAVI
- Davi Promau
- Deckel
- DECKEL MAHO
- Dees hydraulic
- DEGEN
- Delem
- Delken
- Delta
- DEMAG
- DEMMELER
- DEMOOR
- Dener
- DEPO
- DERATECH
- Desktop Metal
- Dimeco
- DIRINLER
- DMF
- DMG Gildemeister
- DMG MORI
- DMNC
- DMNC EDM
- DMT KERN
- DMTG
- DNR
- Doall
- Doganer makina
- Dominus
- DONAU
- DOOSAN
- DORMAC
- DORMAC DORIA
- DORRIES.
- DREISTERN
- DROOP & REIN
- DS Dorries Scharmann
- DS-Lifting
- DSK
- DTS
- DUGARD
- Dumeta
- DUNKES
- DUPLOMATIC
- DURMA
- Durmazlar
- DYNOBEND
- Dörries
- EBU
- ECKOLD
- ECOCA
- EDMO
- Edwards
- EIMELDINGEN
- Eisele
- Ekicontrol
- ELB
- ELB Schliff
- ELBO Controlli
- ELCORO
- ELIOG
- Elma
- ELMASS
- Elmatech
- Elsa
- ELUMATEC
- EMCO
- EMCO Famup
- EMP
- emsa
- Emsil
- ENERPAC
- Enshu
- EOS
- ERCOLINA
- ERGOMAN
- Erlo
- ERMAK
- ERMAKSAN
- ESAB
- Escomatic
- Esma
- ESS
- EST TICINO
- EUROMAC
- EUROMILL
- Everising
- Evisa
- Ewag
- EWM
- EWS
- EWU
- Exner
- FACCIN
- Fadal
- Fagima
- Fagor
- FAGOR Arrasate
- Faib
- FAMUP
- FANUC
- FARO
- Farrel
- FARROS
- FASTI
- FAT
- Fat (haco)
- Fat Wroclaw
- FAVRETTO
- Feeler
- Fehlman
- FEHLMANN
- Femco
- Ferex
- Fermat
- Fexac
- Fibro max
- FIL
- Fill
- Fim
- FINN POWER
- Finn-power
- FINNPOWER
- First
- Fischer
- Fives
- Flott
- FLOW
- FMB
- FMT
- FOERSTER
- Fokker Eckold
- Fonderia
- Foradia
- FOREST LINE
- FORKARDT
- Format
- Fornax
- FORTE
- FORTUNA
- FPS (DECKEL)
- FPT
- FptNews
- Fremtas
- Friggi
- FROEMAG
- Fromag
- FRONIUS
- FRORIEP
- Fulltontech
- Fumagalli Italia
- G. BREDA
- G.a.d.e
- G.B.C
- GabellaMacchine
- Gade
- Galileo
- GANRO Taiwan
- Garant
- GASPARINI
- GDW
- Gehring
- Geibel & Hotz
- GEKA
- Gelber-bieger
- GelberBieger
- Geldmacher
- GEMINIS
- Geminis Goratu
- Georg
- GEORGE KENDRICK
- Ger
- Gerardi
- GF Georg Fischer
- Giana
- Giddings&Lewi
- Giddings&Lewis
- GIETART
- GILDEMEISTER
- Gioria
- Giuseppe Giana
- Givi misure
- GksPerfekt
- Gleason
- GOCKEL
- GOLDEN SUN
- Gom
- GomMubea
- Goodway
- Govama
- Gpm titan
- GRAAF
- Graebener
- Graebner
- GRAFFENSTADEN
- GRESSEL
- Grindex
- Grit FEIN
- Grob
- Gs- hydro
- Gualdoni
- GUHRING
- Guifil
- Gurutzpe
- Gwf Mengele
- Gökcüoglu
- Haane
- Haas
- Habrama
- HACO
- HAEUSLER
- HAHN & KOLB
- HAIMER
- Handtmann
- Hankook
- Hannsa
- HAPREMEC
- Hardford
- Hardinge
- Hardinge Bridgeport
- Hare
- Harrison
- Hartford
- HAULICK ROOS
- Hawemat
- HBS Germany
- HDM
- Heatmasters OY
- Hebö
- Hedelius
- Hegenscheidt MFD
- Heidenhain
- Heinemann
- Heinrichsgluck
- HEINRICHSGLUECK
- Heller
- Hemburg
- Hemsaw
- HENNIGER --
- Henninger
- HERA
- Heraeus
- Herkules
- HERKULES WETZLAR
- HERMINGHAUSEN
- HERMLE
- Hestego
- HEXAGON
- HEYLIGENSTAEDT
- HGG
- Hifra
- HILMA
- HM
- HMC 500
- HNK
- Hochstrate
- HOEFLER
- HOESCH MFD
- Hofman
- Hofmann
- Hol-monta
- Holzmann
- Honor
- Hpm
- HSK
- Htt
- HUGH SMITH
- HURCO
- Hurco autobend
- HURON
- HWACHEON
- Hyd-mech
- Hyllus
- HYMO
- Hypertherm
- HYUNDAI
- HYUNDAI WIA
- HYWO
- Hänel
- Höfler
- I.m.a.l
- Ibarmia
- Iepco
- IGM
- IMAL
- IMATEC
- IMCAR
- IMET
- Ims
- Imsa
- INAXES
- INDUCTAFLEX
- Indumasch
- INNOCENTI
- Innse berard
- Innse berardi
- INNSE INNOCENTI
- INSITAN
- Intos
- INVERTER
- IRLE
- Isitan
- IXION
- JAEGER
- Jaespa
- Jafo
- Jagura
- Jakobsen
- Jammes
- Jap
- JBS
- Jenix
- JESSEY
- JET
- Jfmi
- Joen
- Johannsen
- Johansson
- Johnford
- JOHNFORDS
- JONES & SHIPMAN
- Jones- shipman
- JORNS
- Jorns ag
- Jouanel
- Juaristi
- JUNG
- JUNGENTHAL
- Junker
- Jutec
- Jörg
- Kaercher
- Kaeser
- KAISER
- KALTENBACH
- Kami
- KAMPA
- KAO FONG
- KAO MING
- Karl Deutsch
- KASTO
- Kasuga
- KAWASAKI
- Kawasaki robot
- Kef
- Kehren
- Keilinghaus
- Kekeisen
- KELLENBERGER
- KEMPPI
- Kent
- Keppler
- Kern
- Ki-Heung
- KIA Hyundai
- KIESERLING
- KiHEUNG
- Kimla
- King Rich
- Kingred
- KingRich
- KINGSLAND
- kipper trailer
- KIRA
- KISTLER
- KITAGAWA
- Kitchen walker
- KJELBERG
- Kjellberg
- Klaeger
- Klein
- Klemach
- Klingelnberg
- KNUTH
- Kohler
- KOIKE
- KOIKE ARONSON
- KOLB
- Koltech
- KONE
- KONECRANES
- KOVACO
- KOVOSVIT MAS
- Kramer
- Krewema
- Kromas
- KTS
- Kuhlmann
- Kuka
- KUMLA
- KUNZMANN
- Kurth+heuser
- L&W Machine Tools
- Lagun
- Lagun Goratu
- LAIP
- Lambert
- LAMBERT JOUTY
- LAMBERTINI
- Lang
- Lapmaster
- Lappmaster
- Lara
- Lauffer
- Lazzati
- Leadwell
- Legnani
- LEHMANN
- LEIFELD
- Leinen Swiss
- Leistitz
- Leistritz
- Leopoldo Pontiggia
- LGB
- LGB France
- LGM
- Licon
- Liebherr
- LIFT SIGMA
- LINCOLN
- LINDE
- LISSE
- Lissmac
- Loch
- Lockformer
- Loeser
- LORENZ
- Lovent
- LSK
- LTF
- LUCAS
- Lugong
- Lunan
- LUTZ
- LVD
- LVD STRIPPIT
- M&M
- M+A Maschinen
- M4M
- MAAG
- Machstroy
- MACMON
- MACO
- MACR
- Macri
- Macsoft
- MAEGERLE
- MAFI
- Magido
- MAHO
- MAHO GRAZIANO
- Make
- MAKEY BOWLEY
- Makino
- MANDELLI
- MAQFORT
- Marcovil
- MarioRiboldi
- MAS
- MAS Kovosvit
- Masima
- MATEC
- MATRA
- Matsuura
- Mavijet
- maxi horse trailer
- Maximart
- MAXION IXION
- MAZAK
- MazakVariaxis
- Mcm
- MEBA
- Meccanodora
- MECOF
- Memoli
- MEP
- Mepp
- Merli
- MESSER GRIESHEIM
- Metra
- MEWAG
- Mexpol
- MFD
- Mfl
- MG
- MGM
- MHG
- MIBA
- Micro abrasives
- MICROCUT
- Microcut Challenger
- Micromat
- Micromill
- Microstep
- Migatronic
- MIKRON
- Mikrosa
- Miller
- Millutensil
- Mios
- Mirfos
- MITSUBISHI
- Mitutoyo
- Miyano
- MODUL
- Modulift
- MOHR
- Mollart
- Monforts
- MORI SEIKI
- MOSSNER
- MTE
- Mtm
- MUBEA
- Muller BEM
- Muller Opladen
- Munk & Schmitz
- Muratec
- Mvd
- Myford
- Nagel
- NAKAMURA
- Namsung
- Narvik
- NAVICOR
- NAXOS UNION
- Nicolas Correa
- Nigata
- NIKI AG
- Nikken
- Niles-Simmons
- NISSAN
- Nissin
- NKO
- NKOmachines
- NOBLE & LUND
- Nobs
- NORMFINISH
- Nosstec
- Nova
- NOVISA
- Nukon
- Oemb
- OERLIKON AIR LIQUIDE
- OKAMOTO
- OKK
- Okuma
- Omag
- Omca
- Omcca
- OMERA
- Omes
- OML
- OPTIMUM
- ORT Italia
- Otc
- PADOVANI
- PAMA
- Paragon
- PARAT
- Parkson
- Parmigiani
- PBR
- PBR Legnano
- PBT
- PBT Indumasch
- PBT Walba
- PDG
- PEBA
- PEDDINGHAUS
- Pedrazzol
- Pedrazzoli
- PEE-WEE
- PEGARD
- Pegas
- Pehaka
- Pehu
- PEI-POINT
- Peiseler
- PEMA
- PEMAMEK
- Perfect
- Perndorfer
- PERNO SNC
- PETEWE
- Pfauter
- Pfeifer
- PICOT
- PIESOK
- Pietro Carnaghi
- PILOUS
- Pilous TMJ
- PINACHO
- PINNACLE
- Pittler
- Pivatic
- PLANK
- PLANOLITH
- PLEIGER
- PLYMOVENT
- POINTER
- POLYMAT
- POREBA
- POSCH AUSTRIA
- POTISJE
- Pratt & Burnerd
- PRATT BURNED
- PREMATEX
- Presse ROSS
- PresseRoss
- Prima
- Prima Power
- Prinzing
- Pro King
- Profiroll
- ProKing
- PROTH
- PROTON
- ProtoTRAK
- ProTurn
- PULLMAX
- PULLMAX KUMLA
- PUMA
- QUASER
- QuickTech
- R&D
- RABBA
- RAFAMET
- Rainer
- Rapid
- RAS
- RASKIN
- Raster
- Ravensburg
- Reckermann
- REFORM
- REFORM HEIDENHAIN
- Reiden
- Reiden Swiss
- REIS
- REISHAUER
- Rems
- RENISHAW
- Repar 2
- Retop
- Retos
- Retro AG
- Rettificatrici favretto
- Rettificatrici rosa ermando
- Richter Lunetten
- Ridgid
- Rivelica
- Robosoft
- Roccia
- Rofin
- ROHM
- Romi
- Rosa
- Rosa ermando
- Rosilio
- ROUNDO
- RSA
- RT WELDING
- RUCKLE
- RUEBENACH BONN BEUEL
- RUHRMANN PRESSEN
- Ryazan
- RÖSLER
- Rüsch
- Saacke
- SABI
- Sachman
- Sachmann
- SACHMANN RAMBAUDI
- Sack Kiesselbach
- Sacma
- SAF
- SAF Curvatrici
- SAF Kjellberg
- SAF Tauring
- SAFAN
- SAFAN DARLEY
- SAFOP
- SAHINLER
- SAHM SPLICE
- Salvagnini
- Samag
- SAMCHULLY
- SANDVIK COROMANT
- SANGIACOMO
- SanRocco
- Saro
- SARTORE
- SASS TORINO
- Sasta
- Sato
- Sauter
- Saymak
- Scantool
- SCHAEFER
- SCHAERER - FACING
- SCHARMANN
- SCHAUBLIN
- Schaudt
- Schechtl
- Scherer
- SCHIESS
- SCHIESS FRORIEP
- Schlebach
- Schleiffstein
- SCHLEIFSTEIN
- Schmaltz
- SCHNEEBERGER
- Schnutz
- SCHRODER FASTI
- SCHROEDER
- Schröder
- SCHUBERT
- SCHUNK
- Schwarze
- Schwarze Robitec
- Schwarze Wirtz
- Schwarze-Robitec
- SciTeex
- Scudding
- SDT
- Sedin
- Seiger
- SENY
- SEPI SOUDAGE
- SEPO
- Sergi
- Seroma
- SERRMAC
- Sertom
- SHUIPO
- Shuztung
- Shw
- Sicmi
- Siemens
- Siemens toolcabinet
- Simasv
- SIMAVS
- SIMEK
- Simerom
- SKODA
- Skymaster
- Smd
- Smec
- SMEC SAMSUNG
- SMT Schleifstein
- Smtcl
- Smv
- SMW AUTOBLOK
- Sng
- SNIJSTAAL
- SNK
- SOCAD
- Sodick
- Soenen
- Soitaab
- Somo
- Sony
- SORALUCE
- Spark
- SPINNER
- Spiro
- Spühl
- STAHLI
- STAKO
- STAMA
- STANKO
- Stankoimport
- STARTRITE
- Steiner
- STIERLI
- Stierli Bieger
- STILL
- Stilmec
- STOLLE
- STOLTING
- STOPA
- Storebro
- Stuckmann & Hillen
- STUDER
- STYLE
- Stöckel
- Stöling
- Suce
- SUHNER
- SunFirm
- SUNNEN
- Super KIA TURN
- Super plasma
- Supermax
- Suprema
- Swl
- T-DRILL
- T-SLOT
- Tacchella
- Tacchi
- TADU
- TAH
- TaianHualu
- TAILIFT
- Taipu
- Taisei
- Tajmac-Zps
- TAKANG
- TAKISAWA
- Taksan
- Takumi
- Talurit
- Tam
- Tauring
- Taurus
- Taurus Wotan
- Tbt
- TBT Tiefbohrtechnik
- Tci
- TCS
- TDG Spain
- TDG Solutions
- Teap
- TECHNICA
- TECHNOMAGNETE
- Tecnocut
- TecnoMagnet
- TECNOMAGNETE
- Tecnostamp
- Tecoi
- TEHAG
- Tenova
- TENSOL
- TENSOL OEMB
- TESA
- Thiel
- THIELER
- THOMAN
- Tibo
- Timac
- Timesavers
- TIRA
- TITAN
- Titanroman
- TMJ
- Tnw
- Tomac
- TONG-IL
- TONGTAI
- TOP-TURN Taiwan
- TOPPER
- Tornos
- TOS
- TOS Hostivar
- TOS Trencin
- TOS TRENS
- TOS VARNSDORF
- TOSHULIN
- TOSKAR
- TOYODA
- Toyota
- Tracto
- Tracto Technik
- TRAK
- Transfluid
- Transnorm System
- TRAUB
- TRENNJAEGER
- Trens
- Trepel
- Trevisan
- Triumph
- trolleys
- TroTec
- TRUMPF
- TRUMPF EHT
- TSCHUDIN
- TTS
- TUBOMAT
- TURNCRAFT
- Twin Seam
- UKB
- Umac
- Umaro
- Ungerer
- Uni-TECH
- UNION
- UNION HECKERT
- Unisig
- Unisign
- Urpe
- Ursus
- Ursviken
- Utas
- Uzay
- Uzma
- VacuLift
- Valdarno
- Variobend
- VDF
- VDF BOEHRINGER
- VDF Wohlenberg
- VEGO
- VERACHTERT
- VETTER
- VICTOR
- Victor Taichung
- VictorTaichung
- Vigel
- Viking
- Vimercati
- Vingriai
- VIPER
- VLM
- Voest Alpine
- VOESTALPINE
- VOGT Swiss
- VOLZ
- Voortman
- Wafios
- Wafois
- WAGNER
- Walba
- Waldrich
- Waldrich Coburg
- WALDRICH SIEGEN
- Walker Hagou
- WALTER
- Walter Eckold
- Walter Meier AG
- Warcom
- Waterjet
- Webster&bennet
- Webster&Bennett
- WECO
- Weeke
- Weidenmann
- WEILER
- WEILER MAS
- Weingärtner
- WEIPERT
- Weisser Heilbronn
- WELE
- Wema
- Wemas
- Wendt
- Wenzel
- Westekemper
- WF
- WFL
- WFL Austria
- Wila
- Wisconsin
- WJS
- WK IndustrieTechnik
- WMW
- WMW DESSAU
- WMW Heckert Meuselwitz
- WMW Meuselwitz
- WMW Zeulenroda
- WMZ
- WOHLENBERG
- Woochang
- Wortelboer
- WORTELBOER HOLLAND
- Wotan
- WOTAN SACEM
- Wuhan
- Wuxi Runyuan
- WZ
- XYZ Printing
- YAM
- YANG
- Yawei
- YC superjet
- YC Taichnung Taiwan
- YCM
- YCM Supermax
- Yoga
- YOU JI
- YOUji
- YSD
- YSP
- YU SHINE
- Zani
- ZAYER
- ZDAS
- Zdaz
- ZERBST
- Zeulenroda
- Ziersch
- Ziersch & Baltrusch
- Zimmerman
- Zmm
- ZMM Sliven
- Zocca
- Zoller
- ZOP BEND
- Zopf
- Zps
- Zymt
- Home
- Gehring TN, TLN series Honing Tools
Gehring TN, TLN series Honing Tools
Gehring TN, TLN series Honing Tools
Original - Gearing - Adjustment - Honing Tools
The Original Gearing Adjustment Hones, a result of extensive experience in precision honing tool manufacturing, are tailored to meet specific machining requirements. These tools excel in honing interrupted bores found in hydraulic and pneumatic valve bodies, eliminating the need for conventional lapping in most cases. This results in significant cost savings, quickly offsetting acquisition costs.
Key features of these honing tools include:
Form-fitting, very rigid construction
Flat feed cone with positive retraction
Semi-circular honing stones fully supported by robust stone carriers
Parallel stone feed over the entire stone length
These features allow the production of functional and geometrically flawless bores:
Cylindrical bores without significant edge drop, even when interrupted by control slots or similar features
Round bores, even with cross bores or longitudinal grooves
Bore geometry and tolerance are within a few micrometers. The backside of this document illustrates examples with achieved times and accuracies. For special cases, optimal values can be determined in our testing department.
Considerations for choosing Adjustment Hones:
Honing stone length is not fixed but should be determined based on bore conditions. A relatively long stone is ideal for bore straightness.
Stock removal should not exceed an average of mm on the diameter. For larger stock removal, consider two operations: rough honing with precision hones and finish honing with Adjustment Hones.
Positive retraction is essential, and suitable joint tools are available from us.
Our engineers are available to advise on specific machining requirements. Our extensive global experience is your most valuable asset.
Standard Adjustment Hones: Connection Tool: Rigid Link KBR Honing Stone Length/Area: Various Honing Tool Designation: Various Honing Stone Designation: Various Connection Length: Various
Example: Bore diameter 15 mm, bore length 50 mm. Hone for operating range D 15-16 mm and honing stone length L 35 mm. TLN 14-21/35/180 with honing stones TLN 15-21/25/0-8. When placing your order, please state the type of material to be machined, the honing allowance, and the specified surface finish. If possible, provide a workpiece drawing.
Machining Examples of Control Housings:
Example 1: Material/Preparation: Cast iron/fine-bored Tolerances Before Honing: Taper: Out-of-roundness: Roughness Before Honing: 10 my-m Rt Honing Allowance: 0.06 mm Actual Honing Time: 20 sec Tolerances After Honing: Taper, Out-of-roundness: Roughness After Honing: Approx. 2 my-m Rt Service Life of Honing Stones: Approx. 5,000 housings Hone Used: TLN 16-21/60/205 Honing Stones Used: Diamond K 300-400 Pr. electroplated Machine Type: Hand Honing Machine H 75
Example 2: Material/Preparation: Cast iron/fine-bored Tolerances Before Honing: Taper: , Out-of-roundness: Roughness Before Honing: 15 my-m Rt Honing Allowance: Actual Honing Time: 40-50 sec Tolerances After Honing: Taper: Out-of-roundness: Roughness After Honing: Rt Service Life of Honing Stones: Approx. housings Hone Used: Honing Stones Used: TLN Honing Stone Grade: Machine Type: Vertical Machine P 350
Our Manufacturing Programme includes hones, honing machines, sizing controls, fixtures, and transfer units for workpiece dimensions ranging from 3-1500 mm in diameter and 1-12000 mm in length, extendable to 24000 mm by reversing the workpiece.